合肥市２００９～２０１３年城镇职工不同级别医院分娩方式现状分析

目的：本文通过对2009～2013年合肥市城镇职工生育保险现状的资料分析,探讨不同级别医疗机构分娩方式的构成及其成本差异。方法根据医疗机构的不同级别对2009～2013年合肥市参保城镇职工剖宫产与阴道分娩的生育住院费用、分娩方式进行比较分析。结果三级医院剖宫产及阴道分娩的住院费用高于一级、二级医院,二级医院剖宫产率呈上升趋势。自愿要求剖宫产率在不同级别医院中均呈上升趋势。结论建议加强医疗机构监管力度,进一步完善生育保险补偿政策。剖宫产率升高主要是孕产妇自愿要求增多所致,严格把握剖宫产指征是降低剖宫产率的关键。     

慢加急性肝衰竭患者的能量代谢状况

目的：探讨慢加急性肝衰竭（ ACLF）患者住院期间的动态能量代谢状况,为个体化的临床营养支持提供理论依据。方法应用美国MedGraphics CCM／D营养代谢测试系统（代谢车）测定24例好转的ACLF患者（存活组）及9例死亡的ACLF患者（死亡组）入院、住院期间、出院／死亡时的能量代谢指标及生化指标。结果存活组出院时REE／pREE与入院比较差异无统计学意义。死亡组住院期间REE／pREE与存活组比较差异有统计学意义（P＝0.008）。入院时两组呼吸商（RQ）值、碳水化合物氧化率（CHO％）均偏低,差异无统计学意义。存活组出院时RQ值及CHO％均有所上升,与入院时比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。死亡组死亡时RQ值及CHO％均降低,RQ、CHO％与存活组出院时比较差异有统计学意义（ P＝0.006）。 Pearson相关分析显示, REE／pREE与直接胆红素、总胆汁酸、白细胞计数呈正相关,与凝血酶原活动度呈负相关。 RQ、CHO％与凝血酶原活动度、总胆固醇呈正相关,与直接胆红素、白细胞计数呈负相关。结论 ACLF患者治疗过程中趋于低代谢的状态有助于病情恢复,有利于改善患者预后;呼吸商及三大营养底物氧化比例的变化比静息能量代谢更敏感,是ACLF营养干预治疗中重要的、较好的监测指标;PTA及TC与代谢指标变化一致且灵敏,可间接体现患者的能量代谢状态。     

Changes in energy metabolism after induction therapy in patients with severe or moderate ulcerative colitis

We investigated the changes in energy expenditure during induction therapy in patients with severe or moderate ulcerative colitis. Thirteen patients (10 men, 3 women; mean age, 36.5 years) with ulcerative colitis admitted to the Shiga University Hospital were enrolled in this study. We measured the resting energy expenditure and respiratory quotients of these patients before and after induction therapy with indirect calorimetry. We analyzed the changes of nutritional status and serum inflammatory cytokine levels and also evaluated the relationship between energy metabolism and disease activity by using the Seo index and Lichtiger index. The resting energy expenditure was 26.3 ± 3.8 kcal/kg/day in the active stage and significantly decreased to 23.5 ± 2.4 kcal/kg/day after induction therapy (p<0.01). The resting energy expenditure changed in parallel with the disease activity index and C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokine levels. The respiratory quotient significantly increased after induction therapy. Thus, moderate to severe ulcerative colitis patients had a hyper-metabolic status, and the energy metabolism of these patients significantly changed after induction therapy. Therefore, we recommend that nutritional management with 30–34 kcal/kg/day (calculated as measured resting energy expenditure × activity factor, 1.3) may be optimal for hospitalized ulcerative colitis patients.     

On the nexus of air pollution and health expenditures: new empirical evidence

ObjectiveTo analyse the impact of per capita income and environmental air quality variables on health expenditure determinants.MethodIn this study, we analyse the relationship between air pollution and health expenditure in 29 OECD countries over the period 1995-2014. In addition, we test whether our findings differ between countries with higher or lower incomes.ResultsThe econometric results show that per capita income has a positive effect on health expenditure, but is not as statistically significant as expected when lag-time is incorporated. In addition, an anchorage effect is observed, which implies that about 80%-90% of previous expenditure explain current expenditure. Our empirical results are quite consistent between groups and when compared with the full sample. Nevertheless, there appear to be some differences when broken down by financing scheme (total, public, and private).ConclusionsOverall, our findings could be used to clarify the appropriate health expenditure level or to obtain better environmental quality and social well-being. That is, empirical support is provided on how health management and policy makers should include more considerations for the use of cleaner fuels in developed countries.